HOAs are a scam. The concept originated in Rome as a means of organizing (and controlling) the populace within the city. Resurrected after WW2 due to the large numbers of servicemen returning home and starting families. Check multiple references on the net, you'll discover that a lot of these 5,000 home developments, especially those in California, failed in one way or the other (mainly too many different builders not coordinating their efforts) before they could be built out, and the government had to bail the builders out. Brought back again in the 1960s in New York around Central Park, again builders failed and the government bailed them out again. Cost was larger than the Savings and Loan bailout. No real changes to date, developer's lawyer of the HOA I live in actually took a template from a 1960s document that I found in the National Archives. Developers use the HOA concept to reduce their ground maintenance costs (putting them on the owners) until they can build out and run with their profits. VA gives preferential treatment because they have been led to believe that their investment is protected to a higher degree than regular mortgage loans. Developers often hire shady sales people that provide false information and higher than normal mortgage rates to potential buyers (e.g. "Everyone is taking out a 5/1 ARM, it's cheaper than renting") resulting in many foreclosures in a development, reducing the resale value for the remaining owners. The development I live in had 22 foreclosures in the first three years. Don't know what the national average was but strongly suspect this was much higher.
Very few states actually put teeth in their HOA/Condo laws and it is usually in favor or the HOA/Condo Association. One benefit that was passed a few years ago was the CARA act, which allows owners to depose an inactive Board of Directors, but this has a downside as the replacement manager must have no vested interest in the HOA - original intent may have been to prevent conflicts of interests with developers and owners. Regardless, HOA management has very little authority under the law. Many levy fines as a deterrent/punishment instead of changing bylaws (usually takes 75-90% affirmative vote to change a bylaw or add one when you can't get more than 10% of the voters at an annual meeting) and force the owners into expensive litigation. Many HOAs have "hidden" costs in their language, such as maintaining the HOA road system which can be over $50K to repair and resurface a single asphalt circle in the development because the developer chose not to construct the roads/circles/sidewalks/drainage systems to county/state building codes.
In conclusion, HOAs are the means by which developers defer costs while construction is underway and improve their profits. Maintenance of storm water management systems, roads, pools, playgrounds, sidewalks, street lighting, trash and snow removal (and all the others) are all at the expense of owners. In a large development, this can add $300 or more in HOA fees every month! The public has been "educated" to believe that they must accept this concept in order to live in affordable housing.
I bought into a HOA here in SOMD and am sorry every day that I did. I will NEVER buy into a HOA again! HOAs benefit developers at the expense of the owners!