Do Away with Capital Gains and Income Tax ... go to a VAT Tax
that way EVERYONE is paying something
I can easily see why something as simple as that would not be fair.
Since a VAT would have to be large (if you're eliminating the very large source of revenue the income tax is, reaping money from the rich), it means both the rich and poor would have to pay somewhere around a 20% on all they spend. Perhaps more.
This means the poor - and the not so poor - who ALREADY pay very little income tax - would now see a LARGER portion of their income paying taxes on the things they need to buy. Because a VAT is effectively a 20+% tax on everything, someone who survives paying very little tax, would now pay a lot. And before you dismiss them all as just the poor, it also means the elderly who are on fixed incomes. They'll see their life savings disappear.
Hence, the FAIR Tax - the idea that, below a certain amount of income, some people would receive a "pre-bate" - income to offset the increased taxation. While it sounds great, it does mean that some people will work less and mostly try to get by JUST ON THE PREBATE. It's human nature.
Plus, I don't trust a situation where anyone depends on the government keeping their promise to keep paying them money. Yeah, that includes Medicare and Social Security.
I think the Fair Tax is a good start, but it might be improved by simply NOT taxing groceries, clothes and basic staples.
I do largely agree with the concept of progressive taxation - that the rich pay a larger proportion of their income. I just am not sure it would really bring in all that much money. If you're rich - you probably don't actually NEED to spend all that much money, if you like. The "good" thing about income tax is that the amount of revenue for a given year - even a bad year - is rather predictable.