This 4th of July is payback time. For the first time in history, Earth gets to strike back.
The weapon: a NASA spacecraft named Deep Impact.
The target: a 10-mile wide comet named Tempel 1.
Deep Impact is going to shoot an 820-pound projectile into the rocky, icy nucleus of Comet Tempel 1. The 23,000 mph collision will form a big crater, and Deep impact will observe the stages of its development, how deep it gets and how wide it becomes. Researchers expect a plume of gas and dust to spray out of the crater. Deep Impact will measure its composition and record what the billowing plume does to the comet's atmosphere. In all, Deep Impact should be able to peer into the new crater for almost 15 minutes before the craft speeds away, continuing, like its cometary quarry, to orbit forever around the Sun.
http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2005/28jun_deepimpact.htm?list140662
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/deepimpact/main/index.html