Did you not have college professors that told you "no calculators", and would give you a zero on a test if you used one?
Yes, and that was made abundantly clear at the beginning of the semester. That was largely in part that back then as is now - whole problems could be stored on a good programmable calculator. It wasn't a hedge against being able to quickly calculate - it was meant to stop cheating. But most of the time, calculators WERE permitted - you just had to reboot them, to destroy any hidden work.
You were also told to "show your work". Always told well in advance of the exam.
But it was also true that higher level courses, they told you you could use your notes - your books - and so on. Because if you were in, say, a circuit design course or an analysis exam consisting entirely of mathematical proofs - your book probably wasn't going to help you.
(I GET your point, but I disagree. The professor was injecting her own ideas on a paper, something they're not supposed to do.)
Had I written a proposal for cold fusion relying on Pons and Fleischmann, my instructor would have told me to choose a better topic - not get a zero.
Had I written an ESSAY for course work - and I used pejorative words describing say, Muslims - I would probably have a few points taken or a note in the margin saying "raghead" is insulting.
I wouldn't have recieved a ZERO.
There's nothing scientifically wrong with "biological woman". I think this student's appeal would succeed anywhere else except Berkeley.