One contractor is the private intelligence firm the Hetherington Group, which has trained law enforcement and the military on conducting online investigations.
Cynthia Hetherington, the firm’s founder and president, said the company identifies “actionable intelligence” that can be used to protect life or someone’s reputation by helping those it trains learn how to hyperfocus and efficiently identify a key collection of terms that demonstrate legitimate threats, such as “kill,” “die,” “shoot,” “fire,” “bomb,” “rob.”
“Individuals should be allowed to say what they want to say on the internet, but should also understand that it’s open source and the parties concerned will trace it back” to them, Hetherington said.
Another way of saying that, said Shapiro, who holds a doctorate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology focusing on government surveillance, is that the FBI can, and is, monitoring practically whoever it wants, whenever it wants.
“The FBI is almost entirely unhindered in its ability to monitor American social media postings,” Shapiro said, “so when the FBI reported to Congress that it was unable to do so – I mean, that is a bald-faced lie. That’s what the bureau does. They lie.”
As the FBI becomes more interested in specific posts, the bureau can ramp up its monitoring in more “intrusive” ways, FBI officials said. With additional internal approvals, FBI agents can access not just public-facing social media but also private groups and chat rooms.
Even when accessing this more private information, the FBI’s internal checks don’t protect Americans’ civil liberties, several experts told USA TODAY.
The FBI has a long and troubled history of focusing on groups on the left of the political spectrum while largely turning a blind eye to domestic extremists on the far-right, said Guariglia, who holds a doctorate in the history of police surveillance.
“Both historically speaking and in current events, we've seen the amount of surveillance that has been marshaled specifically against groups fighting for racial justice increased exponentially than from what we've seen being monitored on the right,” Guariglia said.
The FBI pushed back on this assessment. “The FBI aggressively investigates threats posed by domestic violent extremists,” a bureau spokesperson wrote in a statement. “We do not investigate ideology, and we do not investigate particular cases based on the political views of the individuals involved.”