On the morning of April 16, the French-owned
Grandcamp was preparing to finish loading a consignment of
ammonium nitrate fertilizer at the port of Texas City, near
Galveston. About 8:00 AM crew members noticed smoke in the cargo area, where 2,300 tons of the fertilizer had already been stowed. In order to keep the cargo intact, the crew decided not to use water to extinguish the fire; they instead tried, unsuccessfully, to snuff out the flames.
Shortly after 9:00 AM the temperature inside the cargo area had risen enough to spark a massive explosion that was heard as far as 150 miles (240 km) away. The resulting fire destroyed the dock area and engulfed the nearby
Monsanto Chemical Company plant. A mushroom cloud rose 2,000 feet (600 metres) into the air, and two small planes passing above were destroyed. Burning shrapnel was sent flying, with much of it landing in industrial areas, setting fires or causing other damage. A nearby ship, the SS
High Flyer, which was carrying huge amounts of
sulfur, also caught fire and exploded, and
crude oil tankers near the site burned for days, consuming massive amounts of
petroleum. The enormous wave triggered by the blast flattened numerous buildings, leaving as many as 2,000 people homeless. The fact that the initial explosion had killed many of the town’s fire crew and ruined its firefighting equipment
exacerbated the devastation.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Texas-City-explosion-of-1947
