So, you're at your friend's elaborately decorated Halloween party. There are cobwebs hanging from the ceiling, bloody handprints on the wall, a frothing potion brewing on the stove. It's creepy! And scary! But is it ... spooky?
Sure, "spook" can refer to a ghost. It can refer to a spy. But as many of us know, it's also, sometimes, a racial slur for black people. One of our Ask Code Switch readers wrote in to ask about the etiquette of using words like spook and spooky.
During this, the season of murder mysteries and haunted hayrides, is it insensitive to say that you were spooked?
So here's the deal: Spook comes from the Dutch word for apparition, or specter. The noun was first
used in English around the turn of the nineteenth century. Over the next few decades, it developed other forms, like spooky, spookish, and of course, the verb, to spook.
From there, it seems, the word lived a relatively innocuous life for many years, existing in the liminal space between surprise and mild fear.
It wasn't until World War II that spook
started to refer to black people. The black Army pilots who trained at the Tuskegee Institute were
referred to as the "Spookwaffe" —
waffe being the German word for weapon, or gun. (Luftwaffe was the name of the German air force).
Once the word "spook" was linked to blackness, it wasn't long before it became a recognizable — if second-tier — slur.
"frightening;" by 1889, "easily frightened," from spook (n. or v.) + -y (2). Related:… See origin and meaning of spooky.
www.etymonline.com
spooky (adj.)
1854, "frightening;" by 1889, "easily frightened," from
spook (n. or v.) +
-y (2). Related: Spookily; spookiness. Alternative spookish is by 1858 (American English) as "like a ghost."
Spooky action at a distance, a term used by Albert Einstein for what is now called "quantum entanglement," is by 1980, translating the original German spukhafte Fernwirkung.
also from
1854
spook (n.)
1801, "spectre, apparition, ghost," from Dutch spook, from Middle Dutch spooc, spoocke "a spook, a ghost," from a common Germanic source (German Spuk "ghost, apparition," Middle Low German spok "spook," Swedish spok "scarecrow," Norwegian spjok "ghost, specter," Danish spøg "joke"), a word of unknown origin.
OED finds "No certain cognates." According to Klein's sources, possible outside connections include Lettish spigana "dragon, witch," spiganis "will o' the wisp," Lithuanian spingu, spingėti "to shine," Old Prussian spanksti "spark." Century Dictionary writes "There is nothing to show any connection with Ir. puca, elf, sprite ...."
The meaning "undercover agent" is attested from 1942. The derogatory racial sense of "black person" is attested from 1945, perhaps from the notion of dark skin being difficult to see at night. Black pilots trained at Tuskegee Institute during World War II called themselves the Spookwaffe.