The Ottoman Empire Influence:
The Ottomans were one of the most powerful and influential civilizations of the modern period. The Ottoman Empire (1299 to 1923), created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia, persisted until the 20th century and did not end until after World War I when Turkey adopted a more European style secular government (under Kemal Atatürk).
Ottoman rule over the Balkans was characterized by centuries of bloody struggle for freedom and protracted periods of stalemate with the Habsburgs along the border in Hungary as well as anti-Turkish propaganda in Europe, and with invasions from the east. Even before the conquest of Constantinople, the Ottoman Empire controlled much of Greece, Bulgaria and had Serbia and Wallachia as vassals.The defeat in the 1456 Battle of Belgrade stopped Ottoman expansion for a while, but by the middle 16th century Serbia and Hungary were occupied, while Moldavia and Transylvania also became vassals. With the failed Siege of Vienna in 1683 begins the prolonged agony of the Ottoman Empire, faced with the growing threat of Austrian and Russian expansionism, the entangled interests of Britain and France and with the rise of national consciousness among its inhabitants.
Ethnic cleansing
During the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s, the breakup of Yugoslavia caused large population transfers, mostly involuntary. Because it was a conflict fueled by ethnic nationalism, people of minority ethnicities generally fled towards regions where their ethnicity was in a majority.
SNIP Continued:
A massive and systematic deportation of Serbia's Albanians took place during the Kosovo War of 1999, with around 800,000 Albanians (out of a population of about 1.5 million) forced to flee Kosovo. This was quickly reversed at the war's end, but thousands of Serbs were in turn forced to flee into Serbia proper. Unfortunately, the 20th century has been one of the most violent centuries in recorded history (Kegley & Whitkopf, 2004); not only has the globe been captivated by major media stations relaying stories of death and destruction, rather, we have also seen the brutality and asymmetrical attributes of ‘war’ that do not only encompass death, genocide, ethnic cleansing and combatant on combatant confrontations. The attributes of ‘war’, also encompasses the rapes of men, women and children - (mass-rapes included), the pillaging of towns, villages and homesteads with the aim of inflicting as much pain and trauma upon its unwilling participants as possible (Diken & Lausten, 2005). We were captivated by images of refugees streaming across regional borders looking for assistance from neighbouring countries (Judah, 2000). People that once had somewhere to live, a place to call home, were now internationally displaced, begging authorities for food, water, and basic healthcare (Judah, 2000). Furthermore, the civil and political ramifications of ethnic conflict, particularly violent, can also be linked to the successive stages of transnational organised crime (Carment & James, 1998:3). With the increased movements across borders by refugees seeking shelter and safety, we also see the increased exploitation of criminal gangs seeking to expand their business. For instance, within the refugee exodus, we may also see the blending of criminal elements trafficking in drugs, people smuggling, weapons trafficking (conventional and potentially nuclear weapons), transportation of currencies and products (Carment & James, 1998; T. Nikolic, 2006).
you hurt my feelings.
