Well isn't this interesting ? - II
A Little History Lesson
Appeal of Fascism: Restoration of Religious Values, Moral Crusade (Book Notes: Mothers in the Fatherland)
Appeal of Fascism: Restoration of Religious Values, Moral Crusade (Book Notes: Mothers in the Fatherland)
Mothers in the Fatherland: Women, the Family and Nazi Politics Many people have wondered, quite legitimately, how fascism could ever be appealing enough to develop a large following. Fascism was popular enough in Germany and Italy to take over those governments. Fascism also developed strong followings in other nations, like France and England. The unfortunate truth is that wherever it appears, fascism promises people what they want most.
In Mothers in the Fatherland: Women, the Family and Nazi Politics, Claudia Koonz explains how fascism could be so popular:
Americans today see no swastikas on their political horizons. Uniformed, goose-stepping militarism surely died out after the advent missile and guerillas. Still, underneath the unique and dated style of Nazism lurked a more universal appeal — the longing to return to simpler times, to restore lost values, to join a moral crusade. What needs drove those millions of "good Germans" willingly into dictatorship, war, and genocide? Did those needs exist in other nations at other times? ...
In my case, hundreds of Germans shared with their memories of a Nazism without genocide, racism, or war. They recalled a social world of close families, sports activities and vacations, a strong community spirit, high moral standards, and economic security. Men and women looked back with fondness, sad only about the war — that is, the defeat, not the brilliant military victories before the Battle of Stalingrad.
Fascism promises people all the wonderful things they think they want, to restore all the lost values, traditions, and morals which they believe society has lost. Even when fascism in fact also leads to mass violence, destruction, and murder, people later on only remember the good things: how traditional values and morality were restored, leading to a more peaceful society. Many Germans were never sorry about Nazism because they only perceived how the Nazis improved society. The Nazis delivered on their promises and now all those wonderful things are gone.
Could America be moving, slowly, to a more fascist social and political system? Some people think so, and there is no question but that some developments in politics and political debate points the way towards fascism. Whether fascism actually develops or not is, of course, an open question — the presence of proto-fascist ideas and policies does not necessitate actual fascism. We should, however, be very concerned about these developments and look for ways to make sure that it doesn't get any worse.
The problem with "creeping fascism" is that so few of those actually responsible for it are aware that this is what they are doing. In their own minds, their actions are entirely unproblematic. At worst, they are simply engaging in rough politics — but always justified, of course. In practical terms their efforts are directed at denying political legitimacy and social power to their rivals. In theoretical terms, their ideas are centered upon the denial of compromise and accommodation to those who fundamentally disagree on basic agendas and goals. These efforts and ideas are what lead a community towards fascism and that is why they are not acceptable in a democratic state.
Few, if any, Republicans actually think that fascism would be a good idea — they believe in democracy every bit as much as Democrats. That must never be forgotten. However, any Republican who argues that Democrats as a group are unpatriotic and disloyal, any Republican who acts to deny elected Democrats their due political power, any Republican who argues that a political victory for Democrats is a victory for the enemies of America, and any Republican who moves to deny the legitimacy of political accommodation and compromise with non-Republicans, is participating in proto-fascist attitudes and actions. They may not realize it and they may reject such an analysis, but I think that the evidence makes it clear that this is true and must be opposed.
Taken from:
http://atheism.about.com/b/a/258226.htm
Catholic Complicity in Nazism, Anti-Liberal Ideologies (Book Notes: Catholic Theologians)
Catholic Theologians in Nazi Germany There were lots of reasons why Catholic leaders should have opposed Hitler and the Nazis and this makes people wonder why they bent over backwards to accommodate the Nazis. What people need to understand is that there were also lots of reasons why Catholics and other conservative Christians wanted to work with the Nazis. Most were bound up with their common opposition to Weimar and liberalism.
In Catholic Theologians in Nazi Germany, Robert A. Krieg writes:
The German bishops made accommodations with Hitler in part because they felt little loyalty to the Weimar Republic. They perceived Germany's first parliamentary democracy to be an embodiment of modernity, of a world in rebellion against God. Emerging out of the abdications of Wilhelm II and Ludwig III, the Weimar Republic manifested a spirit of personal autonomy and of self-determination that challenged centralized forms of civil and ecclesiastical decision making.
This spirit moved women to pursue independent lives, to attain diplomas at the universities, and to exercise their new right to vote in civil elections. It also opened German society to such Jews as Hugo Preuss, who drafted the Weimar Constitution, and Walther Rathenau, who served as its minister of reconstruction (1921) and then as its foreign minister until he was assassinated by nationalists in 1922.
Because the Weimar Republic gave a public role to Jews, it was often called the Jewish Republic by nationalists. The Republic's social and cultural pluralism went contrary to the Idealist's vision of a unitary society. The Republic's political leaders questioned the long-standing practice of the state providing Protestant and Catholic religious education in the public schools; they insisted that civil law should not provide a special status to tne Protestant and Catholic churches. This official toleration of all religions offended the German bishops, who regarded it as implicitly a rebellion against God, the church, and even the German tradition.
The Nazi Party wouldn't have had nearly the success it enjoyed if they and Hitler had simply come out of nowhere and complained about things no one cared about. The simple fact is, the Nazis were successful because they did such an exceptional job capitalizing on precisely the things which other cultural, political, and religious conservatives had been complaining about for years. The Nazis had little to say that was new — they mainly just did a very good job saying what people were used to hearing and what people wanted to hear.
What this means is that the Nazis had a lot of ready-made allies throughout German society — people who didn't necessarily buy into the whole Nazi agenda, but who certainly agreed with the Nazis' attacks on Weimar society, modernity, liberalism, and of course the Nazis' belief that German society had to change dramatically very soon and very quickly.
Among those allies were Catholic bishops. Like the Nazis, Catholic bishops opposed democracy, opposed autonomy — personal, political, and religious — opposed self-determination, opposed women's rights, opposed rights for Jews, and opposed just about everything else that helps characterize the modern world. It would have been absurd for Catholic bishops not to give at least qualified support to the Nazi regime.
One mistake many people make when looking at the Nazis is to imagine that they were unique in political, social, and cultural outlook. This makes it easier for analogous fascist movements to develop and gain allies. People need to understand the sorts of fears and hatred which groups like the Nazis appeal to in order to acquire power. Authoritarian movements, fascist or otherwise, tend to react against the same sorts of social developments and offer the same sorts of solutions.
Not making excuses, but it is interesting how things look 60 yrs down the road with out the background to understand exactly how an act or movement was viewed.