The case against DEI, as Prof. Shaun Harper of USC’s Race and Equity Center argues, is based on “misinformation, misunderstanding, and reckless mischaracterizations.” Harper and nearly a dozen well-credentialed colleagues propound these supposed facts in a recent 62-page report, Truths About DEI on College Campuses: Evidence-Based Expert Responses to Politicized Misinformation.
DEI not only reduces dignitary harms to underrepresented minorities, they say, it points to a reconstruction of the environment that will foster more student success for all. “By employing a more comprehensive and coordinated approach” to DEI, writes Mitchell Chang of UCLA in the
Truths report, “campuses increase their overall organizational cohesiveness and capacity to improve the quality of the educational context.”
Much DEI advocacy-scholarship, especially that used to sell DEI programs to corporate America and schools (diversity training is an $8 billion industry annually in the United States), operates in what Thomas Kuhn
called a “paradigm,” a set of observations and assumptions, unquestioned and unproved, that shape what findings are acceptable—again, what we might recognize as “ideology” beyond the realm of academia. Scholars within this paradigm see the moral imperative to close achievement gaps between the races. These gaps are always traced to systemic discrimination. The paradigm imposes a framework for bridging these gaps as well. Disparities can be overcome through pride-enhancing practices like black-only graduation ceremonies or housing arrangements; through racial preferences in hiring or admissions; and through training those in the majority culture about their implicit biases, white privilege, microaggressions, and other elements of diversity training.
A seemingly respectable professional apparatus promotes this paradigm. Advocate-scholars conduct studies showing how diversity training reduces prejudice. Manuscripts are sent out to fellow advocate-scholars for peer-review (usually through editors and editorial boards also stacked with advocate-scholars). Manuscripts are favorably reviewed and published. This feedback loop has been corrupting professional standards among scholar-advocates in large portions of
sociology, psychology, education, and other fields for two generations.
Parallel to these advocate-scholars, often in disciplines like business management or organizational communication, exists an extensive literature questioning the assumptions of the DEI industry. Diversity trainings—a go-to policy of the DEI advocates—are especially ineffective in changing attitudes, behaviors, and institutions.
The DEI industry hardly even acknowledges the existence of this critical literature.
At least four large-scale meta-analyses of diversity training have been published since 2009, though Truths about DEI on College Campus Report never acknowledges them. Frank Dobbin and Alexandra Kalev’s 2018 article “Why Doesn’t Diversity Training Work?” from Anthropology Today—an article since expanded into a book from Harvard University Press—is never cited in Truths. Elizabeth Paluck and Donald Green, who wrote or co-authored skeptical meta-analyses on the diversity training literature in both 2009 and 2021, are not cited. Even Katerina Bezrukova et. al., whose 2016 “A Meta-analytical Integration of Over 40 years of Research on Diversity Training Evaluation” is ambiguously supportive of diversity training, is not cited in Truths. Only certain truths are fit to print.
“Hundreds of studies,” write Harvard’s Dobbin and the University of Tel Aviv’s Kalev, “dating back to the 1930s suggest that antibias training does not reduce bias, alter behavior, or change the workplace.” Though “diversity training is likely the most expensive, and least effective, diversity program,” it remains popular among institutions who feel they just check the boxes out of concern for legal issues and out of fear that those in the diversity industry will wage public relations campaigns against dissenting institutions.