The legislation will require countries to introduce measures restoring nature on a fifth of their land and sea by 2030. The aim is to reverse the decline of Europe's natural habitats - 81% of which are classed as being in poor health.
"Restoring nature brings numerous benefits to farmers," EU lawmaker Mohammed Chahim said. "It is as simple as this: we cannot grow food on dead soil."
Lawmakers and
scientists have rejected the EPP's claims, accusing the group of using misinformation to court votes ahead of EU Parliament elections next year. The group denies this.
"This law is not against anybody," Luena said. "This is a law on behalf of nature, not against any person whatsoever."
Luena thanked the scientists and young people who had supported the law - among them, Swedish activist Greta Thunberg, who attended the EU assembly on Wednesday to watch the vote.
Brussels has already passed dozens of CO2-cutting laws to deliver the EU's overall green agenda, including its goal to reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.
But recent
environment proposals have hit resistance - particularly those that would require changes from farmers to tackle environmental pollution and the collapse of bee and butterfly populations.
The European Parliament on Wednesday voted to pass a fiercely contested law to restore degraded natural ecosystems, salvaging the environmental measures that centre-right lawmakers had campaigned to kill off.
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